二、RabbitMQ - PHP 操作 RabbitMQ - 工作模式
hi，我是温新，一名 PHPer
版本：erlang-25.2.1、rabbitmq_server-3.11.9
系统版本：Rocky Linux 9.1
学习目标：PHP 操作 RabbitMQ 之工作模式
本篇文章结合官方文档编写及参考网络资料编写，虽非全部原创，但也是结合了自己的理解，若转载请附带本文 URL，编写不易，持续编写更不易，谢谢！
该系列文章采用 Laravel 10 & "php-amqplib/php-amqplib": "^3.5" 学习演示。
在这篇教程中，我们将创建一个工作队列（Work Queue），它会发送一些耗时的任务给多个工作者（Worker）。
工作队列（又称：任务队列——Task Queues）是为了避免等待一些占用大量资源、时间的操作。当我们把任务（Task）当作消息发送到队列中，一个运行在后台的工作者（worker）进程就会取出任务然后处理。当你运行多个工作者（workers），任务就会在它们之间共享。
工作模式-系统自动确认
消息生产者
<span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(171, 178, 191);padding-right: 0.1px"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(98, 151, 85) !important">// MqProducerController.php</span></span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(171, 178, 191);padding-right: 0.1px"><span style="box-sizing: border-box"></span></span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(171, 178, 191);padding-right: 0.1px"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(98, 151, 85) !important">// 工作模式</span></span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(171, 178, 191);padding-right: 0.1px"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(198, 120, 221) !important">public</span> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(198, 120, 221) !important">function</span> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(224, 108, 117) !important">workerMp</span>()</span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(171, 178, 191);padding-right: 0.1px">{</span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(171, 178, 191);padding-right: 0.1px"> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(224, 108, 117) !important">$this</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(86, 182, 194) !important">-></span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(209, 154, 102) !important">channel</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(86, 182, 194) !important">-></span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(209, 154, 102) !important">queue_declare</span>(<span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(152, 195, 121) !important">'send_sms'</span>, <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(209, 154, 102) !important">false</span>, <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(209, 154, 102) !important">true</span>, <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(209, 154, 102) !important">false</span>, <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(209, 154, 102) !important">false</span>);</span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(171, 178, 191);padding-right: 0.1px"> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(198, 120, 221) !important">for</span> (<span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(224, 108, 117) !important">$i</span> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(86, 182, 194) !important">=</span> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(209, 154, 102) !important">0</span>; <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(224, 108, 117) !important">$i</span> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(86, 182, 194) !important"><</span> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(209, 154, 102) !important">10</span>; <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(224, 108, 117) !important">$i</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(86, 182, 194) !important">++</span>) {</span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(171, 178, 191);padding-right: 0.1px"> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(98, 151, 85) !important">// 注意，引入了 Str 门面</span></span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(171, 178, 191);padding-right: 0.1px"> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(224, 108, 117) !important">$data</span> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(86, 182, 194) !important">=</span> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(224, 108, 117) !important">$i</span> . <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(152, 195, 121) !important">' hi， 我是王美丽 '</span> . <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(209, 154, 102) !important">Str</span>::<span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(209, 154, 102) !important">random</span>();</span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(171, 178, 191);padding-right: 0.1px"> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(224, 108, 117) !important">$msg</span> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(86, 182, 194) !important">=</span> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(198, 120, 221) !important">new</span> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(209, 154, 102) !important">AMQPMessage</span>(<span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(224, 108, 117) !important">$data</span>, [<span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(152, 195, 121) !important">'delivery_mode'</span> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(86, 182, 194) !important">=></span> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(209, 154, 102) !important">AMQPMessage</span>::<span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(209, 154, 102) !important">DELIVERY_MODE_PERSISTENT</span>]);</span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(171, 178, 191);padding-right: 0.1px"> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(224, 108, 117) !important">$this</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(86, 182, 194) !important">-></span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(209, 154, 102) !important">channel</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(86, 182, 194) !important">-></span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(209, 154, 102) !important">basic_publish</span>(<span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(224, 108, 117) !important">$msg</span>, <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(152, 195, 121) !important">''</span>, <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(152, 195, 121) !important">'worker_task'</span>);</span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(171, 178, 191);padding-right: 0.1px"> }</span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(171, 178, 191);padding-right: 0.1px"> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(224, 108, 117) !important">$this</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(86, 182, 194) !important">-></span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(209, 154, 102) !important">channel</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(86, 182, 194) !important">-></span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(209, 154, 102) !important">close</span>();</span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(171, 178, 191);padding-right: 0.1px"> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(224, 108, 117) !important">$this</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(86, 182, 194) !important">-></span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(209, 154, 102) !important">mqConnection</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(86, 182, 194) !important">-></span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(209, 154, 102) !important">close</span>();</span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(171, 178, 191);padding-right: 0.1px">}</span>
不要疑惑，生产消息者就是没有发生变化。
消息消费者
<span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(171, 178, 191);padding-right: 0.1px"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(86, 182, 194) !important"><?</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(209, 154, 102) !important">php</span></span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(171, 178, 191);padding-right: 0.1px"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(98, 151, 85) !important">// App\Console\Commands\WorkerMq.php</span></span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(171, 178, 191);padding-right: 0.1px"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(198, 120, 221) !important">namespace</span> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(224, 108, 117) !important">App\Console\Commands</span>;</span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(171, 178, 191);padding-right: 0.1px"><span style="box-sizing: border-box"></span></span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(171, 178, 191);padding-right: 0.1px"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(198, 120, 221) !important">use</span> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(209, 154, 102) !important">Illuminate\Console\Command</span>;</span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(171, 178, 191);padding-right: 0.1px"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(198, 120, 221) !important">use</span> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(209, 154, 102) !important">PhpAmqpLib\Connection\AMQPStreamConnection</span>;</span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(171, 178, 191);padding-right: 0.1px"><span style="box-sizing: border-box"></span></span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(171, 178, 191);padding-right: 0.1px"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(98, 151, 85) !important">// 工作模式，消息消费者</span></span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(171, 178, 191);padding-right: 0.1px"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(198, 120, 221) !important">class</span> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(224, 108, 117) !important">WorkerMq</span> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(198, 120, 221) !important">extends</span> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(209, 154, 102) !important">Command</span></span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(171, 178, 191);padding-right: 0.1px">{</span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(171, 178, 191);padding-right: 0.1px"> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(198, 120, 221) !important">protected</span> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(224, 108, 117) !important">$signature</span> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(86, 182, 194) !important">=</span> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(152, 195, 121) !important">'mq:worker-client'</span>;</span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(171, 178, 191);padding-right: 0.1px"><span style="box-sizing: border-box"></span></span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(171, 178, 191);padding-right: 0.1px"> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(198, 120, 221) !important">protected</span> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(224, 108, 117) !important">$description</span> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(86, 182, 194) !important">=</span> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(152, 195, 121) !important">'Command description'</span>;</span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(171, 178, 191);padding-right: 0.1px"><span style="box-sizing: border-box"></span></span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(171, 178, 191);padding-right: 0.1px"> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(198, 120, 221) !important">public</span> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(198, 120, 221) !important">function</span> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(224, 108, 117) !important">handle</span>(): <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(209, 154, 102) !important">void</span></span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(171, 178, 191);padding-right: 0.1px"> {</span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(171, 178, 191);padding-right: 0.1px"> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(224, 108, 117) !important">$connection</span> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(86, 182, 194) !important">=</span> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(198, 120, 221) !important">new</span> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(209, 154, 102) !important">AMQPStreamConnection</span>(<span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(152, 195, 121) !important">'localhost'</span>, <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(209, 154, 102) !important">5672</span>, <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(152, 195, 121) !important">'test'</span>, <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(152, 195, 121) !important">'123456'</span>, <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(152, 195, 121) !important">'sms'</span>);</span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(171, 178, 191);padding-right: 0.1px"> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(224, 108, 117) !important">$channel</span> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(86, 182, 194) !important">=</span> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(224, 108, 117) !important">$connection</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(86, 182, 194) !important">-></span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(209, 154, 102) !important">channel</span>();</span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(171, 178, 191);padding-right: 0.1px"> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(224, 108, 117) !important">$channel</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(86, 182, 194) !important">-></span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(209, 154, 102) !important">queue_declare</span>(<span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(152, 195, 121) !important">'worker_task'</span>, <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(209, 154, 102) !important">false</span>, <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(209, 154, 102) !important">true</span>, <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(209, 154, 102) !important">false</span>, <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(209, 154, 102) !important">false</span>);</span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(171, 178, 191);padding-right: 0.1px"><span style="box-sizing: border-box"></span></span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(171, 178, 191);padding-right: 0.1px"> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(224, 108, 117) !important">$callback</span> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(86, 182, 194) !important">=</span> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(198, 120, 221) !important">function</span> (<span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(224, 108, 117) !important">$msg</span>) {</span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(171, 178, 191);padding-right: 0.1px"> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(232, 191, 106) !important">sleep</span>(<span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(209, 154, 102) !important">1</span>);</span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(171, 178, 191);padding-right: 0.1px"> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(98, 151, 85) !important">// 输出消费的消息</span></span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(171, 178, 191);padding-right: 0.1px"> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(198, 120, 221) !important">echo</span> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(224, 108, 117) !important">$msg</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(86, 182, 194) !important">-></span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(209, 154, 102) !important">body</span> . <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(209, 154, 102) !important">PHP_EOL</span>;</span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(171, 178, 191);padding-right: 0.1px"> };</span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(171, 178, 191);padding-right: 0.1px"><span style="box-sizing: border-box"></span></span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(171, 178, 191);padding-right: 0.1px"> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(98, 151, 85) !important"># 自动确认回复</span></span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(171, 178, 191);padding-right: 0.1px"> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(224, 108, 117) !important">$channel</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(86, 182, 194) !important">-></span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(209, 154, 102) !important">basic_consume</span>(<span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(152, 195, 121) !important">'worker_task'</span>, <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(152, 195, 121) !important">''</span>, <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(209, 154, 102) !important">false</span>, <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(209, 154, 102) !important">true</span>, <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(209, 154, 102) !important">false</span>, <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(209, 154, 102) !important">false</span>, <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(224, 108, 117) !important">$callback</span>);</span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(171, 178, 191);padding-right: 0.1px"><span style="box-sizing: border-box"></span></span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(171, 178, 191);padding-right: 0.1px"> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(198, 120, 221) !important">while</span> (<span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(224, 108, 117) !important">$channel</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(86, 182, 194) !important">-></span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(209, 154, 102) !important">is_open</span>()) {</span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(171, 178, 191);padding-right: 0.1px"> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(224, 108, 117) !important">$channel</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(86, 182, 194) !important">-></span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(209, 154, 102) !important">wait</span>();</span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(171, 178, 191);padding-right: 0.1px"> }</span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(171, 178, 191);padding-right: 0.1px"><span style="box-sizing: border-box"></span></span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(171, 178, 191);padding-right: 0.1px"> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(224, 108, 117) !important">$channel</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(86, 182, 194) !important">-></span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(209, 154, 102) !important">close</span>();</span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(171, 178, 191);padding-right: 0.1px"> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(224, 108, 117) !important">$connection</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(86, 182, 194) !important">-></span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(209, 154, 102) !important">close</span>();</span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(171, 178, 191);padding-right: 0.1px"> }</span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(171, 178, 191);padding-right: 0.1px">}</span>
不要疑惑，消费者同样没有发生变化。下面来演示多个消费的情况。多开几个 DOM 窗口，执行如下命令：
<span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(171, 178, 191);padding-right: 0.1px"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(98, 151, 85) !important"># 命令行执行</span></span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(171, 178, 191);padding-right: 0.1px"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(209, 154, 102) !important">php</span> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(209, 154, 102) !important">artisan</span> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(209, 154, 102) !important">mq</span>:<span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(209, 154, 102) !important">worker</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(86, 182, 194) !important">-</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(209, 154, 102) !important">client</span></span>
执行结果
<span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(171, 178, 191);padding-right: 0.1px"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(98, 151, 85) !important"># 窗口1</span></span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(171, 178, 191);padding-right: 0.1px"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(224, 108, 117) !important">$</span> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(209, 154, 102) !important">php</span> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(209, 154, 102) !important">artisan</span> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(209, 154, 102) !important">mq</span>:<span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(209, 154, 102) !important">worker</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(86, 182, 194) !important">-</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(209, 154, 102) !important">client</span></span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(171, 178, 191);padding-right: 0.1px"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(209, 154, 102) !important">0</span> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(209, 154, 102) !important">hi，</span> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(209, 154, 102) !important">我是王美丽</span> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(209, 154, 102) !important">rlPdYsygYapGP65e</span></span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(171, 178, 191);padding-right: 0.1px"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(209, 154, 102) !important">2</span> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(209, 154, 102) !important">hi，</span> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(209, 154, 102) !important">我是王美丽</span> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(209, 154, 102) !important">5</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(209, 154, 102) !important">ORjr9dq4orhjIgq</span></span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(171, 178, 191);padding-right: 0.1px"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(209, 154, 102) !important">4</span> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(209, 154, 102) !important">hi，</span> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(209, 154, 102) !important">我是王美丽</span> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(209, 154, 102) !important">P2ANiGvXZo8kgoaY</span></span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(171, 178, 191);padding-right: 0.1px"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(209, 154, 102) !important">6</span> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(209, 154, 102) !important">hi，</span> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(209, 154, 102) !important">我是王美丽</span> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(209, 154, 102) !important">vNKXeqo4mYOuRrXt</span></span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(171, 178, 191);padding-right: 0.1px"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(209, 154, 102) !important">8</span> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(209, 154, 102) !important">hi，</span> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(209, 154, 102) !important">我是王美丽</span> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(209, 154, 102) !important">ncdlldEH5R4tQX4f</span></span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(171, 178, 191);padding-right: 0.1px"> </span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(171, 178, 191);padding-right: 0.1px"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(98, 151, 85) !important"># 窗口2</span></span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(171, 178, 191);padding-right: 0.1px"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(224, 108, 117) !important">$</span> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(209, 154, 102) !important">php</span> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(209, 154, 102) !important">artisan</span> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(209, 154, 102) !important">mq</span>:<span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(209, 154, 102) !important">worker</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(86, 182, 194) !important">-</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(209, 154, 102) !important">client</span></span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(171, 178, 191);padding-right: 0.1px"><span style="box-sizing: border-box"></span></span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(171, 178, 191);padding-right: 0.1px"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(209, 154, 102) !important">1</span> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(209, 154, 102) !important">hi，</span> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(209, 154, 102) !important">我是王美丽</span> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(209, 154, 102) !important">jSGhGqXwJOhH3HsB</span></span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(171, 178, 191);padding-right: 0.1px"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(209, 154, 102) !important">3</span> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(209, 154, 102) !important">hi，</span> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(209, 154, 102) !important">我是王美丽</span> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(209, 154, 102) !important">7F</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(209, 154, 102) !important">dmlO7EfzlfmSSt</span></span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(171, 178, 191);padding-right: 0.1px"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(209, 154, 102) !important">5</span> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(209, 154, 102) !important">hi，</span> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(209, 154, 102) !important">我是王美丽</span> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(209, 154, 102) !important">nT2zTAjYxyWHYkBJ</span></span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(171, 178, 191);padding-right: 0.1px"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(209, 154, 102) !important">7</span> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(209, 154, 102) !important">hi，</span> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(209, 154, 102) !important">我是王美丽</span> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(209, 154, 102) !important">XnhaYEkZheb3xI0l</span></span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(171, 178, 191);padding-right: 0.1px"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(209, 154, 102) !important">9</span> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(209, 154, 102) !important">hi，</span> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(209, 154, 102) !important">我是王美丽</span> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(209, 154, 102) !important">f5X8EQ4ElOlZlf94</span></span>
乍一看，和简单模式没有什么区别，就是多开了几个窗口。
现在就要说说问题了，我们似乎什么也没有做，那是因为我们在消费中使用了自动确认，第三个参数为 true，使用自动确认。接收下的案例将使用手动确认。
<span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(171, 178, 191);padding-right: 0.1px"> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(98, 151, 85) !important"># 自动确认回复</span></span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(171, 178, 191);padding-right: 0.1px"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(224, 108, 117) !important">$channel</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(86, 182, 194) !important">-></span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(209, 154, 102) !important">basic_consume</span>(<span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(152, 195, 121) !important">'worker_task'</span>, <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(152, 195, 121) !important">''</span>, <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(209, 154, 102) !important">false</span>, <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(209, 154, 102) !important">true</span>, <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(209, 154, 102) !important">false</span>, <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(209, 154, 102) !important">false</span>, <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(224, 108, 117) !important">$callback</span>);</span>
工作模式- ack 手动确认
修改为手动确认，不需要要有太大的改动，因此列出片段代码。
<span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(171, 178, 191);padding-right: 0.1px"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(98, 151, 85) !important">// App\Console\Commands\WorkerMq.php</span></span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(171, 178, 191);padding-right: 0.1px"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(198, 120, 221) !important">public</span> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(198, 120, 221) !important">function</span> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(224, 108, 117) !important">handle</span>(): <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(209, 154, 102) !important">void</span></span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(171, 178, 191);padding-right: 0.1px">{</span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(171, 178, 191);padding-right: 0.1px"> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(98, 151, 85) !important">// 未改动，省略</span></span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(171, 178, 191);padding-right: 0.1px"><span style="box-sizing: border-box"></span></span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(171, 178, 191);padding-right: 0.1px"> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(224, 108, 117) !important">$callback</span> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(86, 182, 194) !important">=</span> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(198, 120, 221) !important">function</span> (<span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(224, 108, 117) !important">$msg</span>) {</span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(171, 178, 191);padding-right: 0.1px"> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(232, 191, 106) !important">sleep</span>(<span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(209, 154, 102) !important">1</span>);</span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(171, 178, 191);padding-right: 0.1px"> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(98, 151, 85) !important">// 输出消费的消息</span></span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(171, 178, 191);padding-right: 0.1px"> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(198, 120, 221) !important">echo</span> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(224, 108, 117) !important">$msg</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(86, 182, 194) !important">-></span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(209, 154, 102) !important">body</span> . <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(209, 154, 102) !important">PHP_EOL</span>;</span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(171, 178, 191);padding-right: 0.1px"> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(98, 151, 85) !important">// 第三步：手动确认消息</span></span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(171, 178, 191);padding-right: 0.1px"> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(224, 108, 117) !important">$msg</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(86, 182, 194) !important">-></span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(209, 154, 102) !important">ack</span>();</span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(171, 178, 191);padding-right: 0.1px"> };</span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(171, 178, 191);padding-right: 0.1px"><span style="box-sizing: border-box"></span></span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(171, 178, 191);padding-right: 0.1px"> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(98, 151, 85) !important">// 第一步：修改为手动确认</span></span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(171, 178, 191);padding-right: 0.1px"> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(224, 108, 117) !important">$channel</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(86, 182, 194) !important">-></span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(209, 154, 102) !important">basic_consume</span>(<span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(152, 195, 121) !important">'worker_task'</span>, <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(152, 195, 121) !important">''</span>, <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(209, 154, 102) !important">false</span>, <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(209, 154, 102) !important">false</span>, <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(209, 154, 102) !important">false</span>, <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(209, 154, 102) !important">false</span>, <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(224, 108, 117) !important">$callback</span>);</span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(171, 178, 191);padding-right: 0.1px"> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(98, 151, 85) !important">// 第二步：收到确认后再处理下一条</span></span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(171, 178, 191);padding-right: 0.1px"> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(224, 108, 117) !important">$channel</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(86, 182, 194) !important">-></span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(209, 154, 102) !important">basic_qos</span>(<span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(209, 154, 102) !important">null</span>, <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(209, 154, 102) !important">1</span>, <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(209, 154, 102) !important">null</span>);</span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(171, 178, 191);padding-right: 0.1px"><span style="box-sizing: border-box"></span></span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(171, 178, 191);padding-right: 0.1px"> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(98, 151, 85) !important">// 未改动，省略</span></span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(171, 178, 191);padding-right: 0.1px">}</span>
这样修改完成后就变成了手动确认了。但是中间的状态需要有所了解，因此，可以按照如下步骤进行观察：
第一步：修改为手动确认 后，走一遍生产者与消费者的流程，然后查看 web 管理页面中队列的状态，会显示为 Unacked;
第二步：basic_qos(null, 1, null); 只有收到回复后再处理一条消息。这里可以再走一遍生产与消费流程，会发现只一条消息被打印出来；
第三步：确认消息，$msg->ack();，如此，手动确认完成。
关于调度
使用工作队列的一个好处就是它能够并行的处理队列。如果堆积了很多任务，我们只需要添加更多的工作者（workers）就可以了，扩展很简单。
通过案例输出结果，可以发现挺有规律的。默认情况下，RabbitMQ 会按顺序得把消息发送给每个消费者（consumer）。平均每个消费者都会收到同等数量得消息。这种发送消息得方式叫做——轮询（round-robin）。
关于消息 ack 确认
当消费被 RabbitMQ 发送给消费者后，就会从内存中移除。因此，要是消费者突然挂了，消息也就消失了。
我们当然不希望消费被丢失，当一个 worker 挂了之后，希望任务重新发送给其他工作者。为了防止消息丢失，RabbitMQ 提供了消息响应（acknowledgments）。消费者通过一个 ack（响应），告诉 RabbitMQ 已收到并处理了该条消息，然后 RabbitMQ 就会释放并删除该消息。
若消费者突然挂了，没有发送 ack 确认，RabbitMQ 会认为消息没有被完全处理，然后就会重新发送给其他消费者。
消息是没有超时这个概念的；当工作者与它断开连的时候，RabbitMQ会重新发送消息。这样在处理一个耗时非常长的消息任务的时候就不会出问题了。
消息持久化
如果不设置持久化，一旦崩溃，将丢失所有的队列和消息。为了防止消息丢失，有两个事情需要注意：必须持久化队列 和消息。
持久化设置：设置第三个参数为 true
<span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(171, 178, 191);padding-right: 0.1px"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(98, 151, 85) !important">#</span></span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(171, 178, 191);padding-right: 0.1px"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(224, 108, 117) !important">$channel</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(86, 182, 194) !important">-></span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(209, 154, 102) !important">queue_declare</span>(<span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(152, 195, 121) !important">'sms'</span>, <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(209, 154, 102) !important">false</span>, <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(209, 154, 102) !important">true</span>, <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(209, 154, 102) !important">false</span>, <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(209, 154, 102) !important">false</span>);</span>
公平调度
<span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(171, 178, 191);padding-right: 0.1px"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(224, 108, 117) !important">$channel</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(86, 182, 194) !important">-></span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(209, 154, 102) !important">basic_qos</span>(<span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(209, 154, 102) !important">null</span>, <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(209, 154, 102) !important">1</span>, <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(209, 154, 102) !important">null</span>);</span>
basic_qos 告诉 RabbitMQ，同一时刻，不要发送超过 1 条消息给一个 worker，知道它已经处理完上一条消息并做了 ack 确认。
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