Laravel进阶系列笔记--(二十六)Laravel 基于Notification数据库通知的快速使用
作者：温新
时间：2021-08-01
hi，我是温新，一-名PHPer。
本系列采用Laravel8.x演示。
基于数据库的通知可以将通知存储入数据表中，表中包含了通知类型及用于描述通知的自定义JSON数据之类的信息。这个不需要我们创建，使用Laravel命令可以帮我们自动创建。
本篇案例目标是模拟用户注册后，再个人中心中提示注册成功的消息，默认为未读状态。
快速使用数据库通知
第一步：生成通知表
<span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 0, 0)">php</span> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 0, 0)">artisan</span> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 0, 0)">notifications</span>:<span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 0, 0)">table</span></span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px"> </span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 0, 0)">php</span> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 0, 0)">artisan</span> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 0, 0)">migrate</span></span>
执行完之后会生成一个
notifications表，关于生成的数据表字段一定要看，我不列表出来了。
第二步：生成通知类
php artisan make:notification DbSendUser
第三步：修改通知类为数据库通知
<span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(170, 85, 0)">// Notifications/DbSendUser.php</span></span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px"><span style="box-sizing: border-box"></span></span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(152, 26, 26)"><?</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 0, 0)">php</span></span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px"><span style="box-sizing: border-box"></span></span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(119, 0, 136)">namespace</span> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 0, 255)">App\Notifications</span>;</span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px"><span style="box-sizing: border-box"></span></span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(119, 0, 136)">use</span> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 0, 0)">Illuminate\Bus\Queueable</span>;</span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(119, 0, 136)">use</span> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 0, 0)">Illuminate\Contracts\Queue\ShouldQueue</span>;</span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(119, 0, 136)">use</span> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 0, 0)">Illuminate\Notifications\Messages\MailMessage</span>;</span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(119, 0, 136)">use</span> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 0, 0)">Illuminate\Notifications\Notification</span>;</span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px"><span style="box-sizing: border-box"></span></span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(119, 0, 136)">class</span> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 0, 255)">DbSendUser</span> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(119, 0, 136)">extends</span> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 0, 0)">Notification</span></span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px">{</span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px"> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(119, 0, 136)">use</span> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 0, 0)">Queueable</span>;</span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px"><span style="box-sizing: border-box"></span></span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px"> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(119, 0, 136)">public</span> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 85, 170)">$user</span> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(152, 26, 26)">=</span> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(34, 17, 153)">null</span>;</span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px"> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(119, 0, 136)">public</span> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(119, 0, 136)">function</span> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 0, 255)">__construct</span>(<span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 85, 170)">$user</span>)</span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px"> {</span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px"> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 85, 170)">$this</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(152, 26, 26)">-></span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 0, 0)">user</span> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(152, 26, 26)">=</span> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 85, 170)">$user</span>;</span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px"> }</span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px"> </span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px"> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(170, 85, 0)">// 修改为数据库通知</span></span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px"> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(119, 0, 136)">public</span> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(119, 0, 136)">function</span> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 0, 255)">via</span>(<span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 85, 170)">$notifiable</span>)</span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px"> {</span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px"> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(119, 0, 136)">return</span> [<span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(170, 17, 17)">'database'</span>];</span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px"> }</span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px"><span style="box-sizing: border-box"></span></span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px"> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(119, 0, 136)">public</span> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(119, 0, 136)">function</span> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 0, 255)">toMail</span>(<span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 85, 170)">$notifiable</span>)</span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px"> {</span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px"> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(119, 0, 136)">return</span> (<span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(119, 0, 136)">new</span> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 0, 0)">MailMessage</span>)</span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px"> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(152, 26, 26)">-></span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 0, 0)">line</span>(<span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(170, 17, 17)">'The introduction to the notification.'</span>)</span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px"> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(152, 26, 26)">-></span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 0, 0)">action</span>(<span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(170, 17, 17)">'Notification Action'</span>, <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 0, 0)">url</span>(<span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(170, 17, 17)">'/'</span>))</span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px"> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(152, 26, 26)">-></span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 0, 0)">line</span>(<span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(170, 17, 17)">'Thank you for using our application!'</span>);</span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px"> }</span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px"><span style="box-sizing: border-box"></span></span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px"> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(119, 0, 136)">public</span> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(119, 0, 136)">function</span> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 0, 255)">toArray</span>(<span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 85, 170)">$notifiable</span>)</span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px"> {</span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px"> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(119, 0, 136)">return</span> [];</span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px"> }</span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px"> </span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px"> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(170, 85, 0)">// 将通知存入数据库的方法</span></span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px"> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(119, 0, 136)">public</span> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(119, 0, 136)">function</span> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 0, 255)">toDatabase</span>(<span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 85, 170)">$notifiable</span>)</span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px"> { </span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px"> }</span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px">}</span>
第四步：定义路由
<span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(170, 85, 0)">// web.php</span></span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 0, 0)">Route</span>::<span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 0, 0)">get</span>(<span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(170, 17, 17)">'send'</span>,<span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(170, 17, 17)">'TestController@send'</span>);</span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 0, 0)">Route</span>::<span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 0, 0)">get</span>(<span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(170, 17, 17)">'look'</span>,<span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(170, 17, 17)">'TestController@look'</span>);</span>
第五步：创建控制器及方法
控制器
php artisan make:controller TestController
方法
<span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(170, 85, 0)">// TestController.php</span></span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px"><span style="box-sizing: border-box"></span></span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(119, 0, 136)">public</span> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(119, 0, 136)">function</span> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 0, 255)">send</span>(){}</span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(170, 85, 0)">// 查看通知</span></span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(119, 0, 136)">public</span> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(119, 0, 136)">function</span> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 0, 255)">look</span>(){}</span>
第六步：模拟用户注册
<span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(170, 85, 0)">// TestController.php</span></span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px"><span style="box-sizing: border-box"></span></span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(119, 0, 136)">use</span> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 0, 0)">App\Models\User</span>;</span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(119, 0, 136)">use</span> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 0, 0)">App\Notifications\DbSendUser</span>;</span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(119, 0, 136)">use</span> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 0, 0)">Illuminate\Support\Facades\Notification</span>;</span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(119, 0, 136)">public</span> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(119, 0, 136)">function</span> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 0, 255)">send</span>()</span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px">{</span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px"> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(170, 85, 0)">// 模拟用户注册</span></span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px"> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 85, 170)">$user</span> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(152, 26, 26)">=</span> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 0, 0)">User</span>::<span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 0, 0)">create</span>([</span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px"> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(170, 17, 17)">'name'</span> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(152, 26, 26)">=></span> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(170, 17, 17)">'财迷'</span>,</span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px"> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(170, 17, 17)">'email'</span> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(152, 26, 26)">=></span> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(170, 17, 17)">'12345678@qq.com'</span>,</span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px"> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(170, 17, 17)">'password'</span> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(152, 26, 26)">=></span> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 0, 0)">encrypt</span>(<span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(170, 17, 17)">'123456'</span>),</span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px"> ]);</span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px"> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 0, 0)">Notification</span>::<span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 0, 0)">send</span>(<span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 85, 170)">$user</span>, <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(119, 0, 136)">new</span> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 0, 0)">DbSendUser</span>(<span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 85, 170)">$user</span>));</span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px">}</span>
第七步：将通知数据表
<span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(170, 85, 0)">// Notifications/DbSendUser.php</span></span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(119, 0, 136)">public</span> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(119, 0, 136)">function</span> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 0, 255)">toDatabase</span>(<span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 85, 170)">$notifiable</span>)</span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px">{</span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px"> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(170, 85, 0)">// 数据会以JSON格式存入表中</span></span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px"> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(119, 0, 136)">return</span> [</span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px"> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(170, 17, 17)">'user_id'</span> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(152, 26, 26)">=></span> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 85, 170)">$this</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(152, 26, 26)">-></span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 0, 0)">id</span>,</span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px"> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(170, 17, 17)">'email'</span> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(152, 26, 26)">=></span> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 85, 170)">$notifiable</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(152, 26, 26)">-></span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 0, 0)">email</span>,</span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px"> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(170, 17, 17)">'msg'</span> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(152, 26, 26)">=></span> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(170, 17, 17)">'注册成功'</span></span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px"> ];</span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px">}</span>
第八步：访问路由模拟注册
你的域名/send，访问之后用户注册成功，相对应的通知也会存入表中。
如此，通知已经完成，接下来就是对通知的操作的。关于通知还有很多复杂的操作，这需要不断的深入学习。简单的基础的使用也就到这里了。
数据库通知的其它操作
notifications动态属性访问通知
修改控制器中的look方法
// TestController.php
public function look()
{
$user = User::find(10);
foreach ($user->notifications as $notification) {
dump($notification);
}
}
unreadNotifications动态属性将所有通知标记为已读
// TestController.php
public function look()
{
$user = User::find(10);
// 将通知标记为已读
$user->unreadNotifications->markAsRead();
}
通知的数据表中有一个read_at字段，通知标记已读会将当前时间更新到read_at字段，表示该通知已经被读过。
我是温新
每天进步一点点，就一点点
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