Laravel进阶系列笔记--(十八)Laravel 发送邮件
作者：温新
时间：2021-07-14
hi，我是温新，一-名PHPer。
Laravel发送邮件，之前基于QQ邮箱写过。现在应用163邮箱来演示。所使用的框架版本是Laravel8.x。
Laravel基于163邮箱发送邮件
第一步：开启SMTP服务
登录163邮箱，在【设置】中找到 POP3/SMTP服务并将其开启并获取授权密码。
第二步：安装驱动服务
composer require guzzlehttp/guzzle
第三步：.env文件中配置邮件信息
文件：.env
<span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 0, 0)">MAIL_MAILER</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(152, 26, 26)">=</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 0, 0)">smtp</span></span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 0, 0)">MAIL_HOST</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(152, 26, 26)">=</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 0, 0)">smtp</span>.<span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(17, 102, 68)">163.</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 0, 0)">com</span></span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 0, 0)">MAIL_PORT</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(152, 26, 26)">=</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(17, 102, 68)">25</span></span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 0, 0)">MAIL_USERNAME</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(152, 26, 26)">=</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 0, 0)">ziruchu@163</span>.<span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 0, 0)">com</span></span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 0, 0)">MAIL_PASSWORD</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(152, 26, 26)">=</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 0, 0)">你的授权密码</span></span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 0, 0)">MAIL_ENCRYPTION</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(152, 26, 26)">=</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(34, 17, 153)">null</span></span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 0, 0)">MAIL_FROM_ADDRESS</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(152, 26, 26)">=</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 0, 0)">ziruchu@163</span>.<span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 0, 0)">com</span></span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 0, 0)">MAIL_FROM_NAME</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(152, 26, 26)">=</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(170, 17, 17)">"</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 85, 170)">$</span>{<span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 0, 0)">APP_NAME</span>}<span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(170, 17, 17)">"</span></span>
配置解释：
<span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 0, 0)">MAIL_MAILER</span> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(152, 26, 26)">--</span> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 0, 0)">驱动方式</span></span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 0, 0)">MAIL_HOST</span> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(152, 26, 26)">--</span> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 0, 0)">邮箱所在主机</span></span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 0, 0)">MAIL_PORT</span> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(152, 26, 26)">--</span> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 0, 0)">邮箱发送端口号</span></span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 0, 0)">MAIL_USERNAME</span> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(152, 26, 26)">--</span> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 0, 0)">邮箱账号</span></span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 0, 0)">MAIL_PASSWORD</span> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(152, 26, 26)">--</span> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 0, 0)">授权密码</span></span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 0, 0)">MAIL_ENCRYPTION</span> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(152, 26, 26)">--</span> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 0, 0)">加密类型</span></span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 0, 0)">MAIL_FROM_ADDRESS</span> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(152, 26, 26)">--</span> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 0, 0)">邮箱地址</span></span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 0, 0)">MAIL_FROM_NAME</span> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(152, 26, 26)">--</span> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 0, 0)">发送人名称</span></span>
MAIL_ENCRYPTION 加密类型为null，表示不使用任务加密；加密方式可以是tls/ssl
第四步：创建邮件类
php artisan make:mail TestMail
第五步：编写生成的`TestMail.php
文件：app/Mail/TestMail.php
<span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(152, 26, 26)"><?</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 0, 0)">php</span></span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(119, 0, 136)">namespace</span> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 0, 255)">App\Mail</span>;</span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px"><span style="box-sizing: border-box"></span></span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(119, 0, 136)">use</span> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 0, 0)">Illuminate\Bus\Queueable</span>;</span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(119, 0, 136)">use</span> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 0, 0)">Illuminate\Contracts\Queue\ShouldQueue</span>;</span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(119, 0, 136)">use</span> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 0, 0)">Illuminate\Mail\Mailable</span>;</span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(119, 0, 136)">use</span> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 0, 0)">Illuminate\Queue\SerializesModels</span>;</span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px"><span style="box-sizing: border-box"></span></span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(119, 0, 136)">class</span> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 0, 255)">TestEmail</span> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(119, 0, 136)">extends</span> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 0, 0)">Mailable</span></span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px">{</span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px"> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(119, 0, 136)">use</span> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 0, 0)">Queueable</span>, <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 0, 0)">SerializesModels</span>;</span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px"><span style="box-sizing: border-box"></span></span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px"> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(119, 0, 136)">public</span> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(119, 0, 136)">function</span> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 0, 255)">__construct</span>()</span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px"> {</span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px"> }</span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px"><span style="box-sizing: border-box"></span></span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px"> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(170, 85, 0)">// 发送邮件</span></span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px"> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(119, 0, 136)">public</span> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(119, 0, 136)">function</span> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 0, 255)">build</span>()</span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px"> {</span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px"> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(170, 85, 0)">// 发送邮件的人是ziruchu@163.com</span></span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px"> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(170, 85, 0)">// 内容是 test.blade.php中的内容</span></span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px"> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(119, 0, 136)">return</span> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 85, 170)">$this</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(152, 26, 26)">-></span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 0, 0)">from</span>(<span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(170, 17, 17)">'ziruchu@163.com'</span>)<span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(152, 26, 26)">-></span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 0, 0)">view</span>(<span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(170, 17, 17)">'mail.test'</span>);</span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px"> }</span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px">}</span>
第六步：定义视图文件
文件：resources/mail/test.blade.php
来自<h1>自如初</h1>的邮件
第七步：定义路由
主要是为了方便，我这里直接在路由中进行测试了。
<span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(170, 85, 0)">// routes/web.php</span></span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 0, 0)">Route</span>::<span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 0, 0)">get</span>(<span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(170, 17, 17)">'email'</span>, <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(119, 0, 136)">function</span>(){</span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px"> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(170, 85, 0)">// 将邮件发送给 xyhcx@foxmail.com 这个邮箱</span></span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px"> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 0, 0)">\Illuminate\Support\Facades\Mail</span>::<span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 0, 0)">to</span>(<span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(170, 17, 17)">'xyhcx@foxmail.com@qq.com'</span>)<span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(152, 26, 26)">-></span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 0, 0)">send</span>(<span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(119, 0, 136)">new</span> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 0, 0)">\App\Mail\TestEmail</span>());</span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px">});</span>
相关方法
第四步创建了一个邮件类，现在来看看这个类文件中有哪些方法可用。
from()
from方法指明发送者的邮件。简单地说，这封邮件是从哪发送出去的。由于在.env文件中配置了发送者邮箱，因此在build方法中可以不写这个方法，如下：
<span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(170, 85, 0)">// TestEmail.php</span></span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(119, 0, 136)">public</span> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(119, 0, 136)">function</span> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 0, 255)">build</span>()</span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px"> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(119, 0, 136)">return</span> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 85, 170)">$this</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(152, 26, 26)">-></span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 0, 0)">view</span>(<span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(170, 17, 17)">'mail.test'</span>);</span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px">}</span>
view()
view方法为发送邮件内容的模板视图文件。
subject()
subject方法用于描述该邮件主题。
// TestEmail.php
public function build()
{
return $this->from('13818472103@163.com')->subject('PHP测试邮件')->view('mail.test');
}
with
with发送数据到邮件模板中。
// 步骤一、修改TestMail.php
public function build()
{
$data = [
'webTitle' => '自如初',
'webName' => 'PHPer'
];
return $this->from('13818472103@163.com')
->subject('PHP测试邮件')
->view('mail.test')->with($data);
}
// 步骤二、修改test.blade.php邮件模板视图
来自<h1>自如初</h1>的邮件
{{ $webTitle }} -- {{ $webName }}
发送附件
attach('文件路径')
attach发送一封附件。如excel、图片、pdf等文件。
步骤一：public目录下新建file目录并在该目录下创建一个文件。
步骤二：发送邮件
public function build()
{
$data = [
'webTitle' => '自如初',
'webName' => 'PHPer'
];
return $this->from('13818472103@163.com')
->subject('发送一个邮件信息')
->view('mail.test')
->with($data)
->attach('file/test.xlsx');
}
Markdown格式邮件
与发送基本邮件信息是类似的，不同的的邮件内容是用markdown语法来连接。
第一步：创建邮件类
php artisan make:mail DemoShipped --markdown=mail.demo_shipped
使用--markdown选项会自动生成对应的视图模板文件。
对于简单的演示来说，执行完第一步就已经可以进行对应的演示了，一切都不需要改动。
第二步：修改build方法
文件：app/Mail/DemoShipped.php
public function build()
{
return $this->from('ziruchu@163.com')->markdown('mail.demo_shipped');
}
对应的视图文件方法使用的是markdown方法。
第三步：修改视图文件
文件：resources/mail.demo_shipped.blade.php
@component('mail::message')
# 介绍
> hi，我是温新，一名PHPer。
The body of your message.
@component('mail::button', ['url' => 'https://www.ziruchu.com','color'=>'success'])
自如初
@endcomponent
Thanks,<br>
{{ config('app.name') }}
@endcomponent
第四步：发送邮件
// routes/web.php
Route::get('email', function(){
$result = \Illuminate\Support\Facades\Mail::to('457969743@qq.com')->send(new \App\Mail\DemoShipped());
dd($result);
});
Markdown视图模板组件方法
在视图模板文件中看到了默认的方法，现在来看看它们。
按钮组件
按钮组件渲染一个居中的按钮链接。接收2个参数，分别是ulr和color，支持的颜色有primary、success、error。
@component('mail::button', ['url' => 'https://www.ziruchu.com','color'=>'success'])
自如初
@endcomponent
面板组件
面板有一个浅色背景区分其它信息，可以把它看到是一个着重信息，相当于markdown语法中 >所显示出来的文字。
@component('mail::panel')
This is the panel content.
@endcomponent
表格组件
将markdown语法的表格转成html表格。
@component('mail::table')
| Laravel | Table | Example |
| ------------- |:-------------:| --------:|
| Col 2 is | Centered | $10 |
| Col 3 is | Right-Aligned | $20 |
@endcomponent
我是温新
每天进步一点点，就一点点
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