Laravel进阶系列笔记--(七)Laravel 基础数据库存储的消息队列的使用
作者：温新
时间：2021-07-08
hi，我是温新，一名PHPer。
基于数据库驱动的消息队列
第一步：修改驱动为数据库驱动
文件：.env
QUEUE_CONNECTION=database
第二步：创建任务信息表
1）创建迁移文件
<span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(170, 85, 0)">// 消息队列任务迁移文件</span></span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 0, 0)">php</span> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 0, 0)">artisan</span> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 0, 0)">queue</span>:<span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 0, 0)">table</span></span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(170, 85, 0)">// 消息队列任务失败迁移文件</span></span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 0, 0)">php</span> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 0, 0)">artisan</span> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 0, 0)">queue</span>:<span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 0, 0)">failed</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(152, 26, 26)">-</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 0, 0)">table</span></span>
2）执行迁移文件
<span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 0, 0)">php</span> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 0, 0)">artisan</span> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 0, 0)">migrate</span> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(152, 26, 26)">--</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 0, 0)">path</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(152, 26, 26)">=</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 0, 0)">database</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(152, 26, 26)">/</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 0, 0)">migrations</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(152, 26, 26)">/</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(17, 102, 68)">2021</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 0, 0)">_07_08_145208_create_jobs_table</span>.<span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 0, 0)">php</span></span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 0, 0)">php</span> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 0, 0)">artisan</span> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 0, 0)">migrate</span> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(152, 26, 26)">--</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 0, 0)">path</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(152, 26, 26)">=</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 0, 0)">database</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(152, 26, 26)">/</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 0, 0)">migrations</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(152, 26, 26)">/</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(17, 102, 68)">2021</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 0, 0)">_07_08_145604_create_failed_jobs_table</span>.<span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 0, 0)">php</span></span>
为了便于理解字段的含义，我为这两个迁移文件添加了备注，字段的含义还是有必要了解一下的。
这两个迁移文件后后可直接执行
php artisan migrate
<span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(170, 85, 0)">// 2021_07_08_145208_create_jobs_table.php 队列任务表</span></span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 0, 0)">Schema</span>::<span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 0, 0)">create</span>(<span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(170, 17, 17)">'jobs'</span>, <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(119, 0, 136)">function</span> (<span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 0, 0)">Blueprint</span> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 85, 170)">$table</span>) {</span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px"> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 85, 170)">$table</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(152, 26, 26)">-></span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 0, 0)">bigIncrements</span>(<span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(170, 17, 17)">'id'</span>);</span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px"> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 85, 170)">$table</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(152, 26, 26)">-></span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 0, 0)">string</span>(<span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(170, 17, 17)">'queue'</span>)<span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(152, 26, 26)">-></span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 0, 0)">index</span>()<span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(152, 26, 26)">-></span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 0, 0)">comment</span>(<span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(170, 17, 17)">'队列名'</span>);</span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px"> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 85, 170)">$table</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(152, 26, 26)">-></span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 0, 0)">longText</span>(<span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(170, 17, 17)">'payload'</span>)<span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(152, 26, 26)">-></span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 0, 0)">comment</span>(<span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(170, 17, 17)">'队列处理信息'</span>);</span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px"> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 85, 170)">$table</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(152, 26, 26)">-></span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 0, 0)">unsignedTinyInteger</span>(<span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(170, 17, 17)">'attempts'</span>)<span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(152, 26, 26)">-></span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 0, 0)">comment</span>(<span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(170, 17, 17)">'队列执行次数'</span>);</span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px"> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 85, 170)">$table</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(152, 26, 26)">-></span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 0, 0)">unsignedInteger</span>(<span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(170, 17, 17)">'reserved_at'</span>)<span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(152, 26, 26)">-></span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 0, 0)">nullable</span>();</span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px"> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 85, 170)">$table</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(152, 26, 26)">-></span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 0, 0)">unsignedInteger</span>(<span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(170, 17, 17)">'available_at'</span>);</span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px"> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 85, 170)">$table</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(152, 26, 26)">-></span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 0, 0)">unsignedInteger</span>(<span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(170, 17, 17)">'created_at'</span>);</span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px">});</span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px"><span style="box-sizing: border-box"></span></span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(170, 85, 0)">// 2021_07_08_145604_create_failed_jobs_table.php</span></span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(170, 85, 0)">// 队列执行失败记录表</span></span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 0, 0)">Schema</span>::<span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 0, 0)">create</span>(<span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(170, 17, 17)">'failed_jobs'</span>, <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(119, 0, 136)">function</span> (<span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 0, 0)">Blueprint</span> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 85, 170)">$table</span>) {</span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px"> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 85, 170)">$table</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(152, 26, 26)">-></span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 0, 0)">id</span>();</span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px"> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 85, 170)">$table</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(152, 26, 26)">-></span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 0, 0)">string</span>(<span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(170, 17, 17)">'uuid'</span>)<span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(152, 26, 26)">-></span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 0, 0)">unique</span>();</span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px"> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 85, 170)">$table</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(152, 26, 26)">-></span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 0, 0)">text</span>(<span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(170, 17, 17)">'connection'</span>)<span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(152, 26, 26)">-></span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 0, 0)">comment</span>(<span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(170, 17, 17)">'连接'</span>);</span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px"> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 85, 170)">$table</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(152, 26, 26)">-></span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 0, 0)">text</span>(<span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(170, 17, 17)">'queue'</span>)<span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(152, 26, 26)">-></span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 0, 0)">comment</span>(<span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(170, 17, 17)">'队列'</span>);</span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px"> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 85, 170)">$table</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(152, 26, 26)">-></span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 0, 0)">longText</span>(<span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(170, 17, 17)">'payload'</span>)<span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(152, 26, 26)">-></span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 0, 0)">comment</span>(<span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(170, 17, 17)">'队列任务'</span>);</span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px"> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 85, 170)">$table</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(152, 26, 26)">-></span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 0, 0)">longText</span>(<span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(170, 17, 17)">'exception'</span>)<span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(152, 26, 26)">-></span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 0, 0)">comment</span>(<span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(170, 17, 17)">'异常'</span>);</span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px"> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 85, 170)">$table</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(152, 26, 26)">-></span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 0, 0)">timestamp</span>(<span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(170, 17, 17)">'failed_at'</span>)<span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(152, 26, 26)">-></span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 0, 0)">useCurrent</span>()<span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(152, 26, 26)">-></span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 0, 0)">comment</span>(<span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(170, 17, 17)">'队列失败时间'</span>);</span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px">});</span>
第三步：创建任务类
php artisan make:job SendEamilToUser
该命令会在
app/Jobs目录下生成SendEamilToUser.php文件。
编辑SendEamilToUser.php文件进行消息队列任务的处理
<span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(152, 26, 26)"><?</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 0, 0)">php</span></span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(119, 0, 136)">namespace</span> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 0, 255)">App\Jobs</span>;</span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px"><span style="box-sizing: border-box"></span></span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(119, 0, 136)">use</span> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 0, 0)">App\Models\User</span>;</span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(119, 0, 136)">use</span> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 0, 0)">Illuminate\Bus\Queueable</span>;</span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(119, 0, 136)">use</span> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 0, 0)">Illuminate\Contracts\Queue\ShouldBeUnique</span>;</span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(119, 0, 136)">use</span> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 0, 0)">Illuminate\Contracts\Queue\ShouldQueue</span>;</span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(119, 0, 136)">use</span> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 0, 0)">Illuminate\Foundation\Bus\Dispatchable</span>;</span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(119, 0, 136)">use</span> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 0, 0)">Illuminate\Queue\InteractsWithQueue</span>;</span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(119, 0, 136)">use</span> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 0, 0)">Illuminate\Queue\SerializesModels</span>;</span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(119, 0, 136)">use</span> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 0, 0)">Illuminate\Support\Facades\Log</span>;</span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px"><span style="box-sizing: border-box"></span></span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(119, 0, 136)">class</span> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 0, 255)">SendEamilToUser</span> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(119, 0, 136)">implements</span> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 0, 0)">ShouldQueue</span></span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px">{</span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px"> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(119, 0, 136)">use</span> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 0, 0)">Dispatchable</span>, <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 0, 0)">InteractsWithQueue</span>, <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 0, 0)">Queueable</span>, <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 0, 0)">SerializesModels</span>;</span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px"> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(119, 0, 136)">public</span> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 85, 170)">$user</span> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(152, 26, 26)">=</span> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(34, 17, 153)">null</span>;</span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px"><span style="box-sizing: border-box"></span></span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px"> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(119, 0, 136)">public</span> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(119, 0, 136)">function</span> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 0, 255)">__construct</span>(<span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 0, 0)">User</span> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 85, 170)">$user</span>)</span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px"> {</span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px"> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 85, 170)">$this</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(152, 26, 26)">-></span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 0, 0)">user</span> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(152, 26, 26)">=</span> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 85, 170)">$user</span>;</span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px"> }</span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px"><span style="box-sizing: border-box"></span></span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px"> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(119, 0, 136)">public</span> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(119, 0, 136)">function</span> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 0, 255)">handle</span>()</span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px"> {</span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px"> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(170, 85, 0)">// 此处执行自定义任务</span></span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px"> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 0, 0)">Log</span>::<span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 0, 0)">info</span>(<span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(170, 17, 17)">'发送邮件给 【'</span> . <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 85, 170)">$this</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(152, 26, 26)">-></span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 0, 0)">user</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(152, 26, 26)">-></span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 0, 0)">name</span> . <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(170, 17, 17)">'】 用户成功'</span> );</span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px"> }</span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px">}</span>
第四步：派发任务给队列
1）定义路由
<span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(170, 85, 0)">// web.php</span></span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px"><span style="box-sizing: border-box"></span></span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 0, 0)">Route</span>::<span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 0, 0)">get</span>(<span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(170, 17, 17)">'queue'</span>, <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(170, 17, 17)">'UserController@queue'</span>);</span>
2）添加queue方法并编写任务代码
<span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(170, 85, 0)">// UserController.php</span></span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px"><span style="box-sizing: border-box"></span></span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(119, 0, 136)">use</span> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 0, 0)">App\Jobs\SendEamilToUser</span>;</span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px"><span style="box-sizing: border-box"></span></span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(119, 0, 136)">public</span> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(119, 0, 136)">function</span> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 0, 255)">queue</span>()</span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px">{</span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px"> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 85, 170)">$users</span> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(152, 26, 26)">=</span> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 0, 0)">\App\Models\User</span>::<span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 0, 0)">all</span>();</span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px"> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(119, 0, 136)">foreach</span> (<span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 85, 170)">$users</span> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(119, 0, 136)">as</span> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 85, 170)">$user</span>) {</span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px"> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(170, 85, 0)">// 为每个用户发送消息的任务</span></span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px"> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(170, 85, 0)">// 方式一</span></span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px"> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(170, 85, 0)">//dispatch(new SendEamilToUser($user));</span></span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px"> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(170, 85, 0)">// 方式二</span></span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px"> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 0, 0)">SendEamilToUser</span>::<span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 0, 0)">dispatch</span>(<span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 85, 170)">$user</span>);</span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px"> }</span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px"> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(119, 0, 136)">return</span> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(170, 17, 17)">'派发队列任务成功'</span>;</span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px">}</span>
打开
jobs数据表就会看到相关的任务信息了。
3）访问路由添加队列任务
第五步：执行队列任务
--once执行一个队列任务
php artisan queue:work --once
// 执行后返回信息
[2021-07-08 15:41:05][1] Processing: App\Jobs\SendEamilToUser
[2021-07-08 15:41:05][1] Processed: App\Jobs\SendEamilToUser
练习的环境中建议从执行一个开始。我这里执行
--once命令。
queue:work执行所有队列任务
php artisan queue:work
第六步：查看laravel.log文件是否发送邮件成功
// laravel.log
[2021-07-08 15:41:05] local.INFO: 发送邮件给 【Dell Terry】 用户成功
处理失败的队列任务
队列中的任务有可能会失败，执行失败的任务是删除还是重新执行？
任务过期与超时
--timeout设置每个任务超时时间（s）
php artisan queue:work --timeout=60
每个任务60秒没有执行成功，那么90秒后会重新执行该任务。任务重启时间可以通过config/queue.php进行配置，如现在使用的数据库驱动，配置如下
'database' => [
'driver' => 'database',
'table' => 'jobs',
'queue' => 'default'，
'retry_after' => 90, // 配置此参数，失败任务的重发时间
'after_commit' => false,
],
失败的任务处理
第一步：修改SendEamilToUser文件模拟任务失败
// app/Jobs/SendEamilToUser.php
public function handle()
{
// 该函数不存在，因此队列任务执行失败
testQueue();
// 此处执行自定义任务
Log::info('发送邮件给 【' . $this->user->name . '】 用户成功' );
}
任务失败会后进入到
failed_jobs数据表中。
第二步：处理失败的任务
// app/Jobs/SendEamilToUser.php
// 只要有队列任务执行失败，就会自动执行该方法
public function failed(\Throwable $exception)
{
Log::error('发送给 【【' . $this->user->name . '】】的邮件失败');
}
第三步：处理failed_jobs失败的任务（根据需要来执行）
1）queue:failed查看failed_jobs所有失败的任务。该命令将会列出任务 ID、连接、队列和失败时间，任务 ID 可用于重试失败任务。
php artisan queue:failed
2）queue:retry ID重试失败的任务。
php artisan queue:retry d2111845-9d25-4d9a-b00e-67658fe1a9c7
3）queue:retry all重试所有失败的任务
php artisan queue:retry all
4）queue:forget ID删除一个失败的任务
php artisan queue:forget e81f9536-f3e0-49e2-8c38-780d7f242b19
5）queue:flush删除所有失败的任务
php artisan queue:flush
1）这里的ID指的是
failed_jobs表中的UUID；2）我这里执行的是删除所有失败的任务
任务分发
前面演示的是立即分发任务，有时间需要指定时间分发任务，Laravel中提供了相关方法。
延时分发任务
方法：delay(时间)
// app/Http/Controllers/UserController.php
public function queue()
{
$users = \App\Models\User::all();
foreach ($users as $user) {
// 延迟一分钟执行。队列任务最多延时15分钟
SendEamilToUser::dispatch($user)->delay(now()->addMinutes(1));
}
return '派发队列任务成功';
}
同步分发
dispatchNow()同步分发。就是任务不会写入到数据表，而是执行被执行。
public function queue()
{
$users = \App\Models\User::all();
foreach ($users as $user) {
SendEamilToUser::dispatchNow($user);
}
return '派发队列任务成功';
}
本篇文章，未完。
我是温新
每天进步一点点，就一点点
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