协程的基本概念及基础使用

作者: 温新

分类: 【高性能PHP】

阅读: 1404

时间: 2021-04-23 15:29:46

什么是协程

协程可以理解为用户态的线程。相对于进程或线程而言,协程的所有操作都可以在用户态下完成,不需要操作系统参与,其创建销毁和切换的成本非常低。与线程不同的是协程无法利用多核CPU,若想利用多核CPU则需要依赖Swoole的多进程模型。

扩展:

什么是用户态?用户态:运行应用进程;

什么是内核态?内核态:运行操作系统。

协程基本使用案例

创建Swoole TCP服务器端

文件:dserver.php

<span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(152, 26, 26)"><?</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 0, 0)">php</span></span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px"><span style="box-sizing: border-box"></span></span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 85, 170)">$ser</span> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(152, 26, 26)">=</span> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(119, 0, 136)">new</span> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 0, 0)">\Swoole\Server</span>(<span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(170, 17, 17)">"192.168.172.130"</span>, <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(17, 102, 68)">9502</span>);</span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px"><span style="box-sizing: border-box"></span></span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(170, 85, 0)">// 监听客户端消息</span></span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 85, 170)">$ser</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(152, 26, 26)">-></span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 0, 0)">on</span>(<span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(170, 17, 17)">'Receive'</span>, <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(119, 0, 136)">function</span> (<span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 85, 170)">$serv</span>, <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 85, 170)">$fd</span>, <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 85, 170)">$reactor_id</span>, <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 85, 170)">$data</span>) {</span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px">    <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(170, 85, 0)">// 向客户端发送消息</span></span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px">    <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 85, 170)">$serv</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(152, 26, 26)">-></span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 0, 0)">send</span>(<span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 85, 170)">$fd</span>, <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(170, 17, 17)">'Swoole: '</span> . <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 85, 170)">$data</span>);</span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px">    <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 85, 170)">$serv</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(152, 26, 26)">-></span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 0, 0)">close</span>(<span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 85, 170)">$fd</span>);</span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px">});</span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px"><span style="box-sizing: border-box"></span></span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 85, 170)">$ser</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(152, 26, 26)">-></span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 0, 0)">start</span>();</span>

启动tcp服务器端

php dserver.php

创建Swoole协程客户端

文件:d12.php

<span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(152, 26, 26)"><?</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 0, 0)">php</span></span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px"><span style="box-sizing: border-box"></span></span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(119, 0, 136)">use</span> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 0, 0)">Swoole\Coroutine\Client</span>;</span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(119, 0, 136)">use</span> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(119, 0, 136)">function</span> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 0, 255)">Swoole\Coroutine\run</span>;</span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px"><span style="box-sizing: border-box"></span></span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(170, 85, 0)">// run函数创建协程</span></span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 0, 0)">run</span>(<span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(119, 0, 136)">function</span> () {</span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px">    <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(170, 85, 0)">// 创建协程TCP客户端</span></span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px">    <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 85, 170)">$client</span> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(152, 26, 26)">=</span> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(119, 0, 136)">new</span> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 0, 0)">Client</span>(<span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 0, 0)">SWOOLE_SOCK_TCP</span>);</span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px">    <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(170, 85, 0)">// 连接失败</span></span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px">    <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(119, 0, 136)">if</span> (<span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(152, 26, 26)">!</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 85, 170)">$client</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(152, 26, 26)">-></span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 0, 0)">connect</span>(<span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(170, 17, 17)">'192.168.172.130'</span>, <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(17, 102, 68)">9502</span>, <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(17, 102, 68)">0.5</span>)){</span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px">        <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(119, 0, 136)">echo</span> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(170, 17, 17)">"connect failed. Error: </span>{<span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 85, 170)">$client</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(152, 26, 26)">-></span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 0, 0)">errCode</span>}<span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(170, 17, 17)">\n"</span>;</span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px">    }</span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px">    <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(170, 85, 0)">// 向服务器端发送消息</span></span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px">    <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 85, 170)">$client</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(152, 26, 26)">-></span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 0, 0)">send</span>(<span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(170, 17, 17)">"hello server, i am client\n"</span>);</span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px">    <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(170, 85, 0)">// 接收服务器返回的消息</span></span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px">    <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(119, 0, 136)">echo</span> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 85, 170)">$client</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(152, 26, 26)">-></span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 0, 0)">recv</span>();</span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px">    </span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px">    <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 85, 170)">$client</span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(152, 26, 26)">-></span><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 0, 0)">close</span>();</span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px">});</span>

运行

<span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 0, 0)">php</span> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 0, 0)">d12</span>.<span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 0, 0)">php</span></span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px">    </span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(170, 85, 0)">// 结果</span></span><br></br><span style="box-sizing: border-box;padding-right: 0.1px"><span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 0, 0)">Swoole</span>: <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 0, 0)">hello</span> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 0, 0)">server</span>, <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 0, 0)">i</span> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 0, 0)">am</span> <span style="box-sizing: border-box;color: rgb(0, 0, 0)">client</span></span>

协程适应场景

高并发服务,如秒杀系统、调性能API接口、RPC服务器;

即时通信服务,如IM聊天、游戏服务器、物联网等。

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