11、Laravel 11 分类 CURD

现在，我们构建一个后台管理功能，对分类进行简单的管理。作为一个很简单的小小的演示，当然不会真的像写后台那样了。

我们通过导航链接来进行模拟。

创建资源控制器与模型

$ php artisan make:controller CategoryController --resource --model=Category

• --resource 用于创建资源控制器
• --model 用于创建模型

资源控制包含了 7 个方法，大家可以打开 CategoryController.php 进行查看。

创建资源路由

routes/web.php

...
    
Route::resource('categories', \App\Http\Controllers\CategoryController::class);

资源路由，一个顶 7 个，现在我们查看下路由。

$ php artisan route:list | grep categories
  GET|HEAD        categories ...................................................... categories.index › CategoryController@index
  POST            categories ...................................................... categories.store › CategoryController@store
  GET|HEAD        categories/create ............................................. categories.create › CategoryController@create
  GET|HEAD        categories/{category} ............................................. categories.show › CategoryController@show
  PUT|PATCH       categories/{category} ......................................... categories.update › CategoryController@update
  DELETE          categories/{category} ....................................... categories.destroy › CategoryController@destroy
  GET|HEAD        categories/{category}/edit ........................................ categories.edit › CategoryController@edit

这些路由的意思如下：

动词	URI	操作	路由名称
GET	/categories	列表	categories.index
GET	/categories/create	创建表单	categories.create
POST	/categories	存储新记录	categories.store
GET	/categories/{category}	显示单个记录	categories.show
GET	/categories/{category}/edit	编辑表单	categories.edit
PUT/PATCH	/categories/{category}	更新记录	categories.update
DELETE	/categories/{category}	删除记录	categories.destroy

分类导航

路由已经准备完成，接下来是该添加导航了。

resources/views/layouts/navigation.blade.php

...

<!-- Navigation Links -->
<div class="hidden space-x-8 sm:-my-px sm:ms-10 sm:flex">
    <x-nav-link :href="route('dashboard')" :active="request()->routeIs('dashboard')">
        {{ __('Dashboard') }}
    </x-nav-link>
    <a href="{{ route('categories.index') }}" class="inline-flex items-center px-1 pt-1 border-b-2 border-transparent text-sm font-medium leading-5 text-gray-500 hover:text-gray-700 hover:border-gray-300 focus:outline-none focus:text-gray-700 focus:border-gray-300 transition duration-150 ease-in-out">
        分类
    </a>
</div>

...

分类列表

现在，让我们构建显示分类的实际页面。在控制器中，我们需要像在其他课程中那样做：获取所有记录并将其传递给视图。

1、获取数据

app/Http/Controllers/CategoryController.php

...

public function index()
{
    $categories = Category::all();

    return view('categories.index', compact('categories'));
}

2、模板渲染数据

resources/views/categories/index.blade.php

<x-app-layout>
    <x-slot name="header">
        <h2 class="font-semibold text-xl text-gray-800 leading-tight">
            {{ __('Dashboard') }}
            {{ __('Categories') }}
        </h2>
    </x-slot>

    <div class="py-12">
        <div class="max-w-7xl mx-auto sm:px-6 lg:px-8">
            <div class="bg-white overflow-hidden shadow-sm sm:rounded-lg">
                <div class="p-6 text-gray-900">
                    {{ __("你已经登录!") }}
                    <table>
                        <thead>
                        <tr>
                            <th>分类名称</th>
                            <th></th>
                        </tr>
                        </thead>
                        <tbody>
                        @foreach($categories as $category)
                            <tr>
                                <td>{{ $category->name }}</td>
                                <td>
                                    <a href="{{ route('categories.edit', $category) }}">编辑</a>
                                </td>
                            </tr>
                        @endforeach
                        </tbody>
                    </table>
                </div>
            </div>
        </div>
    </div>
</x-app-layout>

编辑分类

点击编辑链接后，将会显示一个空白页面，因为我们尚未构建它。接下来，让我们制作编辑页面。我们必须在控制器中返回视图，并传入 category 变量。

1、编写方法

app/Http/Controllers/CategoryController.php

...

public function edit(Category $category)
{
    return view('categories.edit', compact('category'));
}

2、模板渲染

resources/views/categories/edit.blade.php

<x-app-layout>
    <x-slot name="header">
        <h2 class="font-semibold text-xl text-gray-800 leading-tight">
            {{ __('Category Edit') }}
        </h2>
    </x-slot>

    <div class="py-12">
        <div class="max-w-7xl mx-auto sm:px-6 lg:px-8">
            <div class="bg-white overflow-hidden shadow-sm sm:rounded-lg">
                <div class="p-6 text-gray-900">
                    <form method="POST" action="{{ route('categories.update', $category) }}">
                        @csrf
                        @method('PUT')

                        <div>
                            <div>
                                <label for="name">分类名称:</label>
                            </div>
                            <input type="text" name="name" id="name" value="{{ $category->name }}" class="border-gray-300 focus:border-indigo-500 focus:ring-indigo-500 rounded-md shadow-sm">
                        </div>
                        <div>
                            <button type="submit" class="inline-flex items-center px-4 py-2 bg-gray-800 border border-transparent rounded-md font-semibold text-xs text-white uppercase tracking-widest hover:bg-gray-700 focus:bg-gray-700 active:bg-gray-900 focus:outline-none focus:ring-2 focus:ring-indigo-500 focus:ring-offset-2 transition ease-in-out duration-150">
                                修改
                            </button>
                        </div>
                    </form>
                </div>
            </div>
        </div>
    </div>
</x-app-layout>

• 在 form 表单中，我们使用的是 POST 方法
• 而对于更新而言，实际使用的是 PUT 或 PATCH 方法。也就是 @method('PUT') 指定的方法
• @csrf 用于夸站攻击保护，如何缺少它，提交表单时将报错 419 错误

更新分类

更新操作对应的是控制器中 update 方法。

1、修改模型

app/Models/Category.php

...

protected $fillable = ['name']; 

在对模型使用 update() 或 create() 方法时，所有字段都必须作为数组添加到 $fillable 属性中。

app/Models/Post.php

...


protected $fillable = ['title', 'text', 'category_id']; 

2、更新

app/Http/Controllers/CategoryController.php

...
    
public function update(Request $request, Category $category)
{
    $category->update([
       'name'=>$request->input('name'),
    ]);

    return redirect()->route('categories.index');
}

添加分类

1、新增“添加”按钮

resources/views/categories/index.blade.php

...

<a href="{{ route('categories.create') }}" class="inline-flex items-center px-4 py-2 bg-gray-800 border border-transparent rounded-md font-semibold text-xs text-white uppercase tracking-widest hover:bg-gray-700 focus:bg-gray-700 active:bg-gray-900 focus:outline-none focus:ring-2 focus:ring-indigo-500 focus:ring-offset-2 transition ease-in-out duration-150">添加分类</a>

<table>
...

</table>

...

2、添加创建页面

resources/views/categories/create.blade.php

<x-app-layout>
    <x-slot name="header">
        <h2 class="font-semibold text-xl text-gray-800 leading-tight">
            {{ __('添加分类') }}
        </h2>
    </x-slot>

<div class="py-12">
    <div class="max-w-7xl mx-auto sm:px-6 lg:px-8">
        <div class="bg-white overflow-hidden shadow-sm sm:rounded-lg">
            <form method="POST" action="{{ route('categories.store') }}">
                @csrf
                <div>
                    <div>
                        <label for="name">分类名称:</label>
                    </div>
                    <input type="text" name="name" id="name" class="border-gray-300 focus:border-indigo-500 focus:ring-indigo-500 rounded-md shadow-sm">
                </div>
                <div>
                    <button type="submit" class="inline-flex items-center px-4 py-2 bg-gray-800 border border-transparent rounded-md font-semibold text-xs text-white uppercase tracking-widest hover:bg-gray-700 focus:bg-gray-700 active:bg-gray-900 focus:outline-none focus:ring-2 focus:ring-indigo-500 focus:ring-offset-2 transition ease-in-out duration-150">
                        添加
                    </button>
                </div>
            </form>
        </div>
    </div>
</div>
</x-app-layout>

3、添加控制器方法

app/Http/Controllers/CategoryController.php

...

public function create()
{
    return view('categories.create');
}

4、分类入库

app/Http/Controllers/CategoryController.php

...

public function store(Request $request)
{
    Category::create([
        'name' => $request->input('name'),
    ]);

    return redirect()->route('categories.index');
}

删除分类

删除的时候我们需要注意一下，这里采用 form 表单的形式进行删除。

1、添加删除按钮

resources/views/categories/index.blade.php

...

<table>
    <thead>
    <tr>
        <th>分类名称</th>
        <th></th>
    </tr>
    </thead>
    <tbody>
    @foreach($categories as $category)
        <tr>
            <td>{{ $category->name }}</td>
            <td>
                <a href="{{ route('categories.edit', $category) }}">编辑</a>
                <form method="POST" action="{{ route('categories.destroy', $category) }}">
                    @csrf
                    @method('DELETE')
                    <button type="submit" onclick="return confirm('Are you sure?')">删除</button>
                </form>
            </td>
        </tr>
    @endforeach
    </tbody>
</table>

...

2、删除

app/Http/Controllers/CategoryController.php

...

public function destroy(Category $category)
{
    $category->delete();

    return redirect()->route('categories.index');
}